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Íslendingabók ((:ˈistlɛntɪŋkaˌpouk), literally 'book of Icelanders') is a database created by the biotechnology company deCODE genetics, attempting to record the genealogy of all Icelanders who have ever lived, insofar as sources are available; a total of approximately 810,000 people are recorded.〔Larissa Kyzer, 'It’s Not Just An Anti-Incest App', ''The Reykjavík Grapevine'', May 10, 2013, http://grapevine.is/mag/articles/2013/05/10/its-not-just-an-anti-incest-app/.〕 The database is likely to contain information on about half of all Icelanders who have lived in Iceland since its settlement. It is part of a wider scheme that has been characterised as 'one of the first, and to date most contentious' attempts to assemble a large genetic database.〔Arnar Árnason and Bob Simpson, 'Refractions through Culture: The New Genomics in Iceland', ''Ethnos: Journal of Anthropology'', 68:4 (2003), 533-53 (p. 534), DOI: 10.1080/0014184032000160550.〕 Íslendingabók gets its name from the first history of Iceland, by Ari the Wise; the choice of name, and the project as a whole, has been interpreted as a public-relations excerise by deCODE, appealing to Icelandic public nationalist sentiments.〔Arnar Árnason and Bob Simpson, 'Refractions through Culture: The New Genomics in Iceland', ''Ethnos: Journal of Anthropology'', 68:4 (2003), 533-53 (p. 546-47), DOI: 10.1080/0014184032000160550.〕 ==History== Interest in genealogy in Iceland is strong, with the Icelandic Ættfræðifélagið (Genealogical Society) founded in 1945; shortly before, Halldór Laxness had proposed a similar gathering of information to that manifested in Íslendingabók today; Friðrik Skúlason of FRISK Software International began constructing a genealogical database of Icelanders in the 1990s, successfully developing and marketing genealogical software (called Espólín).〔Gísli Pálsson, 'The Web of Kin: An Online Genealogical Machine', in ''Kinship and Beyond: The Genealogical Model Reconsidered'', ed. by Sandra C. Bamford, James Leach, Fertility, Reproduction and Sexuality, 15 (Berghahn Books, 2009), pp. 84-110 (pp. 90-92).〕 'In 1997 deCODE allegedly approached the Icelandic government with the draft of a bill which would legislate the granting of a twelve-year licence for a private bio-technology company to create and manage a centralised database of national medical records', later known as the Icelandic Health Sector Database.〔Beth Greenhough, 'A Biotechnological Settlement? Making Space for ‘Human Nature’ at Iceland’s Genomics Frontier', ''LANDABRÉFIÐ'' 21(1) (2005), 3-19 (pp. 4-5).〕 The proposal was 'shrewdly positioned () to be attractive to several powerful players: venture capital; the welfare state; its marketised counterpart the so-called healthcare maintenance organizations; and the insurance industry'.〔H. Rose, 'Gendered Genetics in Iceland', ''New Genetics and Society'', 20(2) (2001), 119–138 (p. 125), quoted by Beth Greenhough, 'A Biotechnological Settlement? Making Space for ‘Human Nature’ at Iceland’s Genomics Frontier', ''LANDABRÉFIÐ'' 21(1) (2005), 3-19 (p. 5).〕 The Icelandic Parliament legalised the creation of the database on 17 December, granting the license for its fulfilment to deCODE in January 2000; the bill was heavily criticised by some scholars and medical professionals due to ethical problems it raised, but the Icelandic public did not generally share these concerns.〔Beth Greenhough, 'A Biotechnological Settlement? Making Space for ‘Human Nature’ at Iceland’s Genomics Frontier', ''LANDABRÉFIÐ'' 21(1) (2005), 3-19 (p. 5).〕 Various sources were used in compiling the genealogy, including censuses, national registers, and church records. Icelanders is the only genealogical database in the world covering the population of a whole country. DeCODE put the database together in collaboration with Friðrik Skúlason of FRISK Software International in order to take advantage of genealogical information in its genetic research:〔Beth Greenhough, 'A Biotechnological Settlement? Making Space for ‘Human Nature’ at Iceland’s Genomics Frontier', ''LANDABRÉFIÐ'' 21(1) (2005), 3-19 (p. 5).〕 by linking genealogical data with genetic data and with medical records, it is possible to draw inferences about the functions of genes that would otherwise be obscure. The genealogy has contained mistakes, and some have been corrected following comments from the public.〔Gísli Pálsson, 'The Web of Kin: An Online Genealogical Machine', in ''Kinship and Beyond: The Genealogical Model Reconsidered'', ed. by Sandra C. Bamford, James Leach, Fertility, Reproduction and Sexuality, 15 (Berghahn Books, 2009), pp. 84-110 (pp. 100-103).〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Íslendingabók (genealogical database)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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